Resumo: INTRODUCTION: The research explains the concept of kidney disease, quality of life promotion indexes linked to transplant treatment, as well as the social and psychological factors that permeate the process of kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the causality relationship between social and psychological factors with low adherence to treatment in kidney transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exploratory study with a qualitative and quantitative approach analyzed by the method of content analysis of Bardin with application of two questionnaires of own authorship, produced with focus on collecting psychological and social aspects related to renal transplants. RESULTS: We found cohesive sociodemographic profiles among participants, with no greater disparities between users, with no factors that brought benefits or losses. Regarding the psychological aspects, it was found the presence of emotional factors related to the elaboration of mourning, feelings of less value, conflicts with self-image, impairment in autonomy and anxiety and depressive symptoms that may or may not be related to low adherence to renal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of psychological and social factors on the reduced level of adherence to transplantation is observed However, the deficits related to the public health system stand out, in relation to the non length of regulations regarding the referral of patients to the transplant center and effective health education programs. Keywords: Renal transplantation, Psychological aspects, Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis. Expandir Resumo Acessar Texto Completo

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