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Resumo: Introduction: Barrett’s Esophagus is a premalignant condition of the esophagus in which normal stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by intestinal-type metaplastic columnar epithelium after prolonged injury to the esophageal mucosa due to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that selectively colonizes the gastric epithelium and is associated with a number of gastroduodenal diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to assess, by means of a systematic revision, the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of Barrett’s Esophagus. Methods: The most relevant studies originally published in Portuguese and in English in the last 10 years have been analyzed, having as a reference the MedLine (National Library of Medicine) database. In order to select studies with the greatest scientific evidence, only clinical trials and observational studies have been considered. Results: This revision consists of eight articles with equivalent results concerning the positive and protective role of H. pylori in the development of Barrett’s Esophagus, and of one article with an opposite result given the evidence presented. Conclusion: According to our results and to most conclusions available in literature, although H. pylori favors the prevention of Barrett’s Esophagus, the bacterium is considered the main cause of active chronic gastritis and plays a relevant role in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and of other gastroduodenal diseases. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, association, Barrett’s esophagus. Expandir Resumo Acessar Texto Completo