Início O papel do sistema imunológico na patogênese da doença periodontal
imunidade inata
O papel do sistema imunológico na patogênese da doença periodontal
Resumo:
Introduction: Periodontal disease is characterized by a disturbance of the microbiota present in the oral environment, causing an immune response in the individual, thus affecting the protection and support tissues of the periodontium. Therefore, this article aims to elucidate the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Review: The immune system uses specific mechanisms promoted by cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells and neutrophils, as well as mechanisms associated with specific molecules, characterized as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, proteinase inhibitors and metalloproteinases (MMPs), which together, being present in the active phase of polymicrobial periodontal disease. The progression of periodontal diseases is induced by an inflammatory process that gradually leads to its destruction, causing tooth loss. The innate immune response actively participates in the development of periodontal disease and the acquired immune response is related to disease progression and destruction of the alveolar bone. On the other hand, the humoral immune response is shown to be related to the protection of periodontal tissues, with positive results. Final Remarks: MMPs, TNF-alpha, RANKL and IL-1 have been reported as an effective tool for diagnosing the disease. Although there is a wide knowledge about the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases, other studies still need to be carried out to better understand the cellular and molecular events involved in this pathology.
Keywords: periodontal diseases, immunity innate, adaptative immunity.
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