Início Terapia gênica: Os genes em busca da cura
Número atual: 9 (2022)
Terapia gênica: Os genes em busca da cura
Resumo:
The possibility of modifying human genes has been the main objective of medicine since DNA was discovered. Gene therapy can be defined as the improvement of human genes, whether to correct an anomaly, or to modify the cell or tissue, for therapeutic purposes. Gene therapy is nothing more than a medical procedure that modifies cells, with the purpose of treating or curing the gene that causes a certain disease. There are already medicines released under the regulatory category of advanced therapies, however, many other studies are still being carried out, in search of the development of new molecules. One of the most important points of gene therapy is the development of safe, effective and efficient methods for transferring genes into human cells. With the development of these new drugs, we have a very positive outlook regarding the use of these drugs in the general population, in addition to being more effective for mass diseases, such as cancer, for example.
Keywords: gene therapy, vectors, genetic transfer.
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Aromaterapia: tratamento de doenças respiratórias
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Introduction: The use of essential oils and their medicinal properties, often associated with the practice of aromatherapy, has roots in ancient Chinese and Egyptian civilizations, establishing it as a millennia-old science. Extracted from various parts of plants, primarily from the Lauraceae and Myrtaceae families, these volatile oils exhibit various biological activities, including cytotoxicity.Review: In aromatherapy, the primary absorption pathways for essential oils are inhalation, oral, and topical. Due to their volatility, oils are particularly effective when inhaled, activating olfactory nerves and connecting to the limbic system, which regulates emotions. For the treatment of respiratory diseases, a variety of essential oils stand out, among which the most relevant are eucalyptus, frankincense, pine, peppermint, lavender, and tea tree.Discussion: Essential oils are fundamental in aromatherapy, providing benefits in enhancing immunity and treating respiratory diseases. The growing interest in less invasive alternative therapies has reignited research on the efficacy of aromatherapy, especially in contrast to the side effects of conventional medications. Although their application in pharmaceuticals declined throughout the 20th century, recent studies confirm their relevance. Aromatherapy can not only reduce self-medication but also serve as a complementary option to traditional medicine, highlighting the importance of the quality and provenance of the oils used. Conclusions:Aromatherapy is an effective alternative in treating respiratory diseases, utilizing essential oils such as eucalyptus and peppermint, which possess antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to alleviating symptoms, it may reduce self-medication and the inappropriate use of antibiotics. The quality of essential oils is crucial, and ongoing research is necessary to consolidate aromatherapy as a recognized practice, contributing to respiratory health and overall well-being.
Keywords: Alternative therapy, Aromatherapy, Essencial oils, Respiratory diseases.
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Boas práticas para a manipulação de fármaco citotóxico oral: recomendações para os profissionais da enfermagem, pacientes e familiares
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This study aimed to identify good practices for handling oral cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs. This is a narrative, qualitative, exploratory and explanatory bibliographic review work. The data were collected and organized in a synthesized way through the analysis of all articles used to support this scientific work, thus generating two categories of analysis that will be exposed below: care in the use of oral cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs and good practices by the team in handling these. However, it was possible to observe that it is of fundamental importance that professionals directly involved in the handling of oral antineoplastics are prepared, theoretically based to deal with the appropriate guidelines to be offered to the patient and family, in situations of handling, administration and correct disposal of drugs. cytotoxic.
Keywords: Oral cytotoxic drug, Home chemotherapy, Oral chemotherapeutic agentes, Oncology nursing, Occupational Hazards.
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Anestesia para cesariana com placenta prévia – um relato de caso
Resumo:
In Brasil, neuraxial anesthetics are preferred for cesarean sections. This is due to several factors. Among them, we can mention the safety for the parturient and the newborn, and mainly the management of postoperative pain. Furthermore, they allow parental participation in the birth, which is a unique moment in the parents’ life. But in many cases, these anesthesias are not commonly used, for instance, in the presence of placenta previa, a pathology that impacts the action of obstetricians and anesthetics. This work reports a clinical case of a pregnant woman with total center placenta previa, submitted to spinal anesthesia at the time of cesarean section. The report shows that general anesthesia is not always necessary for patients with such comorbidity, and that subarachnoid block is safe in such a scenario.
Keywords: Rachidian anesthesia, Cesarean section., Previous placenta.
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Avaliação da contaminação de jalecos de graduandos e profissionais da saúde na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
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- INTRODUCTION: The lab coats are one of the first contamination sites in terms of clothing in the health area that come into contact with the patients' skin, liquids and secretions. In this way they easily carry pathogenic microorganisms from place to place. The present study aimed to assess the contamination of Staphylococcus spp. and to identify the main Gram negative bacilli in lab coats by health professionals and university students. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 148 samples were obtained, which were subjected to Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase, biochemical tests and glucose oxidation and fermentation tests. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In total 48 lab coats were contaminated by Gram negative bacilli, 73 by Staphylococcus spp. and 35 by S. aureus. In addition, it was possible to identify the genera Klebsiella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Serratia. 4. FINAL REMARKS: Bacteria of great clinical importance were found, leading to the conclusion that lab coats for both professionals and undergraduates are an important source of pathogen transmission and their use should be restricted to the service areas and laboratory environments.
Efeitos da melatonina no sistema auditivo: revisão de literatura
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INTRODUCTION: Melatonin, recognized for its influence on sleep regulation, is attracting increasing interest due to its antioxidant properties. Although still under study, it is suggested that this substance may play a beneficial role in preventing hearing loss. REVIEW: A search was carried out in the BIREME, PUBMED AND SCIELO databases by combining the terms: melatonin, hearing, tinnitus, presbycusis, ototoxicity, and their respective terms in English. DISCUSSION: From searches in the databases, 272 articles were retrieved, from which 17 articles that addressed the proposed topic were selected using the exclusion criteria. FINAL REMARKS: It was verified through this review that melatonin can help prevent hearing loss caused by oxidative stress, due to its ability to eliminate free radicals generated in the cochlea.
Keywords: Hearing, Oxidative Stress, Melatonin, Ototoxicity, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Tinnitus.
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Identificação de traços psicopáticos em crianças
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This study aims to investigate the possible traits of antisocial personality disorder in childhood, discusses the behavioral deviation that deviates from pre-established social standards, assesses whether there is a traumatic social or family correlation related to the inserted environment that can stimulate the development of this psychopathological disorder in search of understanding and discussing the subject from a contextual point of view, the research will be carried out through a bibliographical review, it will be exploratory, applied and qualitative in nature, with the purpose of improving and updating knowledge. The analysis of the theme is necessary due to the behavior of children who have antisocial personality disorder traits since childhood, since it is an irreversible disorder, psychosocial, educational and inclusive interventions will be addressed that are differentiated for these children. So that early investigation intervenes in the model of behavior to be analyzed, helping family members to conduct the processes of behavioral identifications and help in the treatment of this disorder
Keywords: Psychopathy, personality, disorder, childhood, behavior, analysis.
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Biomarcadores Troponina I e T no Diagnóstico do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio
Resumo:
Troponins (cTn), also known as cardiac biomarkers, are proteins that regulate muscle contraction, both in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Its molecule is composed of three subunits: troponin I (cTnI), troponin T (cTnT), and troponin C (cTnC). cTn plays a key role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to its high cardio-specificity and its prolonged release into the bloodstream after a cardiac injury. They can be identified through specific tests. The elevation of cTn levels indicates the presence of an infarction, with the release starting a few hours after the onset of symptoms. Blood tests are used for the detection and interpretation of cTn levels, and the diagnosis of AMI is established when the concentration exceeds a predefined threshold. However, in addition to indicating AMI, cTn can be detected in other pathological conditions, both cardiac and non-cardiac, such as: high blood pressure in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, inflammation of the cardiac muscles, and chronic kidney disease. This fact should be taken into consideration when analyzing the results, to avoid false positives. In summary, the determination of cTn levels plays an important role in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected AMI, allowing for a precise and rapid diagnosis, with the aim of increasing population survival.
Keywords: Cardiac biomarkers, acute myocardial infarction, troponin I and T, troponin assays, 99th percentile.
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Recomendaciones nutricionales en dietas vegetariano-veganas para embarazadas y niños durante las diferentes etapas de la vida
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- INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, vegetarian diets have been shown to have benefits on health, hence this type of diet is growing worldwide. However, in more critical stages of life such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to take into account the possible risks that affect the development and growth of children, caused by a nutritional deficit. 2. REVIEW: The aim of this work is to carry out a bibliographical review of the latest scientific evidence on how vegetarian and vegan diets affect nutritional and health status in the different most critical stages of life. Also, the importance of advising vegetarian-vegan parents on the importance of eating a balanced and well-planned diet, using the Harvard Plato food guide and appropriate culinary techniques to improve the absorption of nutrients, also taking into account the use of fortified foods or supplements where necessary. 3. DISCUSSION: The most critical nutrients in this type of diet are proteins, fatty acids, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and iodine. This is a consequence of the fact that there are dietary factors that affect absorption or they are not present in food. Therefore, to obtain a complete and balanced diet, nutritional recommendations must be followed along with appropriate culinary techniques. 4. FINAL REMARKS: vegetarian diets, especially lacto-ovo-vegetarians, during the most critical stages of life, can satisfy nutritional requirements, approaching official dietary recommendations and even obtaining health benefits. However, vegan diets are associated with an increased risk of nutritional deficits, so the need for a nutritionist will be mandatory.